After having clarified what is meant by decarbonization, the article examines the interventions necessary to pursue it by the different sectors: industrial processes, agriculture, transport, the construction sector, electricity production and use of the network. From what emerges in the various sectors our country is far behind in the decarbonization processes in all sectors and a strong acceleration is necessary if we want to achieve the European objectives for 2030. The PNRR, which should constitute the main instrument for tackling the battle against fossil fuels and pushing the use of renewable energy, is proceeding with difficulty and we are not yet seeing a decisive contribution to the decarbonization process: we risk being more indebted than before without having addressed the structural problems.