The article reviews the most important material substances that have characterized our world. The most important characteristics and uses of five materials are examined, namely sand, salt, coal, iron and copper. It is discussed not only the positive aspects that they have had or have on the development of the world examined, but also the big problems that they have caused with their extraction, manufacture and use. Furthermore, it is examined the negative influence that some of them have had and still have on the planet’s climate and on our survival.